#include <cctype>
#include <string>
#include <cstring>
#include <vector>
#include <iostream>
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstdlib>


//Return a lower case version of the given string
std::string toLowerCase( const std::string &s )
{
   std::string lower;
   for( size_t i = 0; i < s.length(); ++i )

      lower.push_back( std::tolower(s[i]) );
   return lower;
}


//Return an upper case version of the given string
std::string toUpperCase( const std::string &s )

{
   std::string upper;
   for( size_t i = 0; i < s.length(); ++i )
      upper.push_back( std::toupper(s[i]) );
   return upper;

}

//Return the number of occurrences of the given character in the string
int countOf( const std::string &s, char c )
{

   size_t count = 0,
   sSize = s.length();
   
   for( size_t i = 0; i < sSize; ++i )

      if( s[i] == c )
         ++count;
   
   return count;
}

//Return the number of occurrences of the given string in the main string
int countOf( const std::string &s, const std::string &substr )
{
   int count = 0;

   size_t i = 0;
                             
   while( (i=s.find(substr,i)) != std::string::npos )
      ++count;       
   
   return count;

}

//Return the number of occurrences of the given character in the string
//(Ignores case)
int icountOf( const std::string &s, char c )

{
   std::string is = toLowerCase( s );
   return countOf( s, std::tolower(c) );
}


//Return the number of occurrences of the given string in the main string
//(Ignores case)

int icountOf( const std::string &s, const std::string &substr )
{
   std::string is = toLowerCase( s ),

   isubstr = toLowerCase( substr );
               
   return countOf( is, isubstr );
}